Data centers are highly secure, large facilities that store and process the information that powers the internet—from streaming videos to running business software. Even though most people never go inside one, it takes a lot of systems working together to keep them running every minute of every day.
Here’s a simple look at the main parts that make up a data center. Knowing these parts can help local leaders and residents make informed decisions when considering data centers in their community, including what resources and planning are needed to reduce impacts and ensure safe and responsible operation.
Servers
Power Infrastructure
The core computers that do the actual work of storing, processing, and moving data. They sit in tall racks and are all connected through a system of cables and switches.
Includes utility lines, substations, transformers, backup generators, and batteries that keep everything running, even during outages. Data centers need steady, around-the-clock power to stay online 24/7, creating a large and constant demand for electricity.
Cooling System
Network Equipment
Air conditioners, chillers, fans, and water systems work constantly to prevent the equipment from overheating. Because cooling takes so much energy and water, it’s a major factor in both the cost and environmental footprint of a data center.
Switches, routers, and fiber cables that connect the center to the internet and other locations.
Security System
Building Infrastructure
Data centers are highly protected places using fences, cameras, and guards to keep people out, and fire detection and suppression systems to keep equipment safe. They also have strong cybersecurity to protect the data inside.
The facility is designed for stability, fire protection, and 24/7 operation with sensors constantly tracking temperature, humidity, and airflow to alert staff to potential thermal issues.